The theory behind the dolphin assisted therapy is based on two philosophies. One of them is that the unconditional love and support a dolphin has to offer can benefit children and people with emotional problems. A dolphin seems to have human-like emotions, so a deep trusting bond can be developed between client and dolphin.

The second part of the theory involves a more scientific approach. It involves echolocation (echolocation: a high - pitch sound send out by the dolphin that bounces off an object and returns. The dolphin interprets the returning echo to determine the object’s shape, direction, distance and texture). Some say that the dolphins use of sonar and echolocation produce changes in the body tissue and cell structure of patients who associate with them. Others believe that sound waves emitted by the dolphins in communication and echolocation stimulate healing. A diminishing of anxiety and depression, enhanced learning in handicapped children, and pain relief are all attributed, by some researchers, to dolphin echolocation.

Those persons who experienced the therapeutic exposure to dolphins consistently displayed brainwaves that transitioned from "beta waves" to "alpha waves". By way of explanation, "Beta waves" are often an indicator of "active, energized" brainwave activity, while "Alpha waves" are often displayed while in a relaxed, meditative "state of mind" that can facilitate the possibility for improvement.

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